1. Chiyambi Chachidule
Chopinga choyezera ndi gawo lofunikira la chipangizo chopopera cha beam, ntchito yake ndikulinganiza chipangizo chopopera. Kusiyana kwa katundu wosinthasintha panthawi yopopera mmwamba ndi pansi, chifukwa mutu wa bulu umanyamulakulemera kwa gudumuKugwira ntchito kwa gawo la madzi pa gawo la pistoni ndi kulemera kwa gawo la ndodo yopopera mumadzi, komanso kukangana, kusakhala ndi mphamvu, kugwedezeka ndi katundu wina panthawi ya kupopera kwa chipangizo chopopera. Kulipira mphamvu zambiri: chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ndodo yopopera panthawi ya kupopera, mutu wa bulu umangokhala ndi mphamvu yokoka pansi. Sikuti injiniyo imangofunika kulipira mphamvu, komanso imagwira ntchito pa injiniyo. Chifukwa katundu wa kupopera kwapamwamba ndi pansi ndi wosiyana kwambiri, injiniyo ndi yolimba kwambiri. N'zosavuta kuzima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizo chopopera chisagwire ntchito bwino. Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa, chipangizo choyezera chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse kusiyana kwa katundu pakati pa kupopera kwapamwamba ndi pansi, kuti zipangizozo zigwire ntchito bwino.
Thekulemera kwa gudumuimalumikizidwa bwino ku crank ndi mabolts amtundu wa "T". Pamene crank ikuzungulira, kuyenda kozungulira kumachitika. Kulemera kwakulemera kwa gudumundi pakati pa 500-1500kg. pa crank. Mu chipangizo chopopera beam, crank balance nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina olemera. Bowo la pansi ndi lalikulu, ndipo mphamvu ya katundu wosiyanasiyana wosinthana imapangitsa kuti balance block ikhale yosavuta kumasula. Ngati balance block imasuka ndikutsetsereka, imayambitsa kupopera Ngozi monga ndodo zolumikizira zokhotakhota, crank zong'ambika, ndi ma pumping unit sizingowononga kwambiri zida za wellhead, komanso zimaika pachiwopsezo chitetezo cha munthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika zifukwa zomwe balance block ya chipangizo chopopera imatsekeredwa ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse ngozi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida za chipangizo chopopera zikugwira ntchito bwino.
2. Chifukwa cha kusweka kwa bolt
Zifukwa zazikulu zochotsera mtundu wa "T"mtedza wa zikwamaPamene makina opaka mafuta akugwira ntchito, izi ndi izi:
(1) Kusakwanira kunyamula zinthu zoyamba kale Kapena, mu Kulimba Mtima, kuti chokoleti iyende bwino, komamtedza wa zikwamakuyenera kukakamizidwa pasadakhale. Mavuto pakulimbitsa ulusi amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Yesetsani mwamphamvu kuthana ndi mayeso odzidalira pa ulusiwo. Pali mphamvu zambiri pankhani yolimbana mwamphamvu kuti mpikisano usayesedwe. Sikophweka kulimbitsa mabatani, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulemera kwa balansi kumasulidwe mosavuta.
(2) Pali zolakwika mu kawirinatiNjira yotsekera: Kutsekera kwa nati ziwiri ndi njira yodziwika bwino yoletsa kumasula ulusi mu ntchito zomwe zikuchitika pano. Ili ndi ubwino wokonza mosavuta, kukhazikika ndi kudalirika, komanso kusokoneza ndi kusonkhanitsa mosavuta. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opanga mafuta, kukonza ndi kupanga, koma imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zomasula. , Zotsatira zake sizoyenera pansi pa katundu wobwerezabwereza kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa kulumikizana pakati pa zolumikizira zolumikizidwa ndi malo olumikizira, ndipo ulusi wamkati ndi ulusi wakunja zimalumikizana pang'onopang'ono panthawi yomangirira, ndipo ulusi wakunja umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakunja ya Axial, yomwe imapanga mphamvu yokangana mosiyana ndi njira yomangira, imaletsa bolt kumasuka, motero imagwira ntchito yomangira. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa bolt ndi nati, katunduyo umasintha nthawi zonse panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida, kotero kuti mphamvu yomangira pakati pa ulusi wamkati ndi wakunja imasintha, ndipo kulumikizana kwa ulusi kumakhala komasuka pang'ono. Kusasunthika kumeneku kudzapitirira kusonkhana pakapita nthawi mpaka bolt itagwa.
(3) Ubwino wosakwanira wokonza ulusi Ubwino wokonza zigawo za ulusi umakhudza kwambiri awiri olumikizirana. Mpata wamba wa ulusi ndi wofanana. Mpata waukulu wa ulusi ukakhala waukulu, mpata wolumikizira umawonjezeka, kotero kuti mphamvu yomangirira ulusiyo singathe kufikira zomwe ukuyembekezera, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupanga kukangana kokwanira. Zimathandizira kumasula ulusi pansi pa katundu wosinthana; pamene mpata wa ulusi uli wochepa, malo olumikizirana a ulusi wamkati ndi wakunja amakhala ochepa, ndipo pansi pa ntchito ya katundu, gawo la ulusi limatenga katundu wonse, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ulusi ndikufulumizitsa kulephera kwa kulumikizana kwa ulusi.
(4) Ubwino wa malo oyika sukwaniritsa zofunikira. Mukayika, malo olumikizirana ayenera kukhala athyathyathya komanso oyera, ndipo mpata waukulu sayenera kupitirira 0.04 mm. Kupanda kutero, cholembera kapena fayilo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito polinganiza. Ngati zinthu sizikupezeka, pepala lopyapyala lachitsulo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito polinganiza. Ngati pali kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta pakati pa malo awiri olumikizirana, mabotolo a balance block sadzamangiriridwa mwamphamvu, ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kumasula ndikutuluka.
(5) Chifukwa cha zinthu zina, monga kugwedezeka kwa thupi pamene chipangizo chopopera madzi chimayima ndi mabuleki, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi m'bowo, ndi zina zotero, n'zosavuta kupangitsa kuti nati ya balance block imasuke.
3. Njira Zopewera
Pofuna kupewa kumasuka kwa ulusi wolumikizidwa wazolemera zamawilo, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera mbali zitatu za kapangidwe, kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa.
(1) Konzani njira yowonjezerera katundu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, njira yasayansi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika torque yolimbitsa yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zake ku mabotolo olimbitsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kulumikizana kwa ulusi kukukwaniritsa mphamvu yofunikira yolimbitsa. Malinga ndi zofunikira za torque yolimbitsa ya mabotolo olumikizira, torque yolimba yovomerezeka ya mabotolo a M42-M48 iyenera kufika pa 312-416KGM. Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika kumunda, zimakhala bwino ngati wrench ikudumpha pang'ono.
(2) Onjezani njira zoletsa kumasula Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizozi zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali, sikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyenera yomangira, ndipo njira zina ziyenera kutengedwa kuti mabotolo asamasulidwe. Njira zodziwika bwino zoletsa kumasula zimaphatikizapo zinayi izi:
a.Kukangana kuti kusamasuke. Njira iyi ndi yofanana ndi njira yowonjezera mphamvu yomangitsira isanayambe. Powonjezera zowonjezera, awiri olumikizira amapanga kupanikizika kosalekeza, motero kumawonjezera mphamvu yokangana pakati pa awiriawiri a ulusi kuti asazungulire wina ndi mnzake. Njira zodziwika bwino ndi monga: ma washer otanuka, mtedza wowirikiza, mtedza wodzitsekera, ndi zina zotero. Njira iyi yoletsa kumasula ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso yosavuta kuichotsa, koma ndi yosavuta kumasula ikatha nthawi yayitali.
b.Makina oletsa kumasula. Kuzungulira pakati pa mawiri a ulusi kumaletsedwa powonjezera choyimitsa. Monga kugwiritsa ntchito mapini ogawanika, mawaya otsatizana ndi mawaya osiya kuyimitsa. Njira imeneyi imapangitsa kuti kusokoneza kusakhale kosavuta, ndipo pini yoyimitsa imawonongeka mosavuta.
c.Kuboola ndi kupukuta kuti zisamasulike. Kuwotcherera, kusungunula ndi ntchito zina zimachitika pambuyo poyika kale, zomwe zimawononga kapangidwe ka ulusi ndikupangitsa ulusiwo kutaya mawonekedwe a ulusiwo ndikukhala cholumikizira chosagwirizana. Choyipa cha njira iyi ndichakuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi kokha ndipo mabotolo ayenera kuwonongedwa kwathunthu akamachotsedwa.
d.Kapangidwe kake koletsa kumasula. Pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wogawika m'magulu, ulusi wabwino ndi wobwerera m'mbuyo umaphatikizidwa kukhala bolu imodzi, motero kusintha kapangidwe kachiwiri ka ulusi. Bolu imodzi ikhoza kukulungidwa kukhala nati yozungulira bwino kapena nati yozungulira mozungulira. Mosiyana, kutsekana, ndiko kuti, njira ya Down's thread yoletsa kumasula.
Pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta yogwirira ntchito, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya nthawi yayitali ya nthawi zosiyanasiyana monga kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, nati yomangitsa ndi nati yomangitsa nthawi zambiri zimamasuka, koma nati yomangitsa imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotsutsana ndi wotchi ku nati yomangitsa ikatumizidwa kumbuyo ndi mtsogolo. , ndipo mphamvu iyi idzalimbitsa nati yomangitsa ku nati yomangitsa, ndipo nati ziwiri zidzamangitsana kotero kuti kulumikizana kwa ulusi sikungathe kumasuka. Ulusi wa pansi sufunika kuwonjezera zowonjezera. Umangodalira nati ziwiri zokhala ndi mbali zosiyana kuti zilowetsedwe mu bolt imodzi, ndipo nati ziwirizo zimamangitsana. Ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta, yotetezeka komanso yodalirika, koma kapangidwe ka ulusi wophatikizika pa ulusi wakunja ndi kovuta kwambiri. Zofunikira paukadaulo wokonza ndi zapamwamba. Mu gawo lopopera beam, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya katundu wosinthana ndi kugwedezeka, kumasuka kwa maboluti omangirira azolemera zamawilondizofala kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa Down kuti muchepetse kumasuka kungathe kuthetsa vutoli bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-16-2022
