1. Mbiri Yopanga
Kwa mafuta ochulukirapo ku Xiaowa Oilfield, makina opopera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumigodi.Kuti mukweze kukweza, malo oyimitsira mutu amafunikira kukweza ndodo yamafuta.Pamene makina akuyamwitsa akutsika pansi, mzere wamadzimadzi suloledwa kukwera pamene mpope ukupopa, kotero kuti mkhalidwe wa mutu wa bulu umasintha.Mu downstroke, locomotive imagwira ntchito pansi pa kulemera kwake, imagwira ntchito yogwira ntchito, imalola kuti igwire ntchito yake, imasewera gawo lake, imagwira ntchito yake, imagwira ntchito pansi pa kulemera kwa tanka. , imathandizira pakugwira ntchito, ndipo Osachita nawo ntchito zamasitima, osati moyenera.Ntchito yapamanja pakupopera sikusiyanitsa kusalinganika kwa gawo lopopera.
2. Zowopsa za Unit Pompopompo Mosalinganizika
Pamene azolemera zamagudumusichikhala bwino, chidzabweretsa zoopsa zotsatirazi:
(1) Kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi moyo wa injini.Chifukwa cha katundu wosagwirizana, galimoto yamagetsi imanyamula katundu wambiri pamtunda, ndipo pulojekiti yopopera imayenda ndi galimoto yamagetsi mumsewu wapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutaya mphamvu ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ndi moyo wa galimoto yamagetsi.
(2) Kufupikitsa moyo wautumiki wa gawo lopopera.Chifukwa cha katundu wosagwirizana, katunduyo amakhala wamkulu mwadzidzidzi komanso waung'ono panthawi imodzi ya kusintha kwa crank, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina opopera agwedezeke mwamphamvu ndikufupikitsa moyo wa makina opopera.
(3) Zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito anthawi zonse popopera ndi mpope.Chifukwa cha katundu wosagwirizana, kufanana kwa liwiro la kuzungulira kwa crank kudzawonongedwa, kotero kuti mutu wa bulu sungagwedezeke mofanana mmwamba ndi pansi, zomwe zidzakhudza ntchito yachibadwa ya pulojekiti yopopera ndi mpope.
Pachifukwa ichi, chifukwa cha mavuto omwe amadza chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa makina opopera, kusintha ndi kusanja kwa chipangizo chopopera kwakhala ntchito yowonjezereka pa ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya malo opangira mafuta.Chitsime chilichonse chamafuta chimayenera kusanjidwa bwino kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 2015, kuchuluka kwa zosintha zosinthika pamwezi m'malo ogwirira ntchito zidafika nthawi 15 mpaka 20.Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili panopa kugwirizanitsa kusintha, kumafuna nthawi yayitali yotseka, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri zitsime zamafuta olemera, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuchititsa kuti madzi adonthe ndi kutuluka., zitsime zomangika, etc. Choncho, ndikofunikira kupanga chipangizo chomwe chingafupikitse nthawi yogwirizanitsa makina opopera.
3. Yankho
Pakalipano, kusintha kulemera kwa pulojekiti yopopera ndikukonza chibowocho kuti chikhale chopingasa ndi brake, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida kuti musunthire kulemera kwake kumalo omwe mwasankhidwa (Chithunzi 1).Malo opingasa a crank amasankhidwa chifukwa kolowera koyima kwa sikeloyo kumangokhudzidwa ndi kulemera kwa sikelo ndi mphamvu yothandizira ya crank mpaka kulemera kwake.Palibe mphamvu mu njira yopingasa, ndipo ili m'malo osasunthika.Panthawiyi, mphamvu yakunja imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukankhira malire kumalo osankhidwa, omwe ndi opulumutsa kwambiri ntchito.
Poganizira za malo a crank ya unit kupopera, malo opingasa okha ndi malo ofananira nawo amatha kusankhidwa kuti asinthe momwe amagwirira ntchito kulemera kwake.Pambuyo poyerekezera (Table 2), zimatsimikiziridwa kuti chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito chimatenga malo opingasa.Pambuyo pokonzekera kutsimikiziridwa ngati ndege yowonongeka, njira yokonzekera imawunikidwa.Kupyolera mu kumvetsetsa kwa njira zokonzera pamsika ndi momwe zinthu zilili zenizeni za crank, zimadziwika kuti njira yokonzekera ya foni yam'manja imatha kusankha kugwirizana kwa ulusi ndi kugwirizana kwa clamp.Pambuyo pofufuza ndi kukambirana, ubwino ndi zovuta za njira yokhazikika zinafaniziridwa ndikuwunikidwa (Table 4).Pambuyo poyerekezera ndi kusanthula ziwembu zatha, njira yomaliza yokonzekera imasankhidwa ngati kugwirizana kwa ulusi.Pambuyo posankha malo ogwiritsira ntchito foni yam'manja ngati malo opingasa, ndikusankha malo okhazikika ngati ndege ya crank, ndikofunikira kusankha malo olumikizirana pakati pa foni yam'manja ndi kulemera kwake.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chipika choyezera chokha, mbali ya chipika choyezera ndi malo olumikizirana, ndipo foni yam'manja imatha kungokhala pamalo amodzi, kukhudzana ndipamtunda.
4. Kuphatikiza kwa Zigawo
Zigawo za chipangizo cham'manja ndi zotsatira zake zogwirizanitsa zikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi pansipa.
Thezomatira zolemera, mobwerezabwereza mmwamba ndi pansi kayendedwe amasandulika kasinthasintha counterclockwise wa kufala zida, ndi waukulu dzino ndi wothandiza dzino loko loko malire malire, kuyendetsa lamba dzino kuwonjezera, kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha "kukulitsa ndi kumangitsa" (Chithunzi. 3).Mu Seputembara 2016, kuyesa kosinthako kunachitika pa Well 2115C ndi Well 2419 ya Wa Shiba Station.Mayeso oyikapo kuti asinthe malo achitetezo m'zitsime ziwirizi adatenga mphindi 2 ndi mphindi 2.5 motsatana (Table 9).
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zotsatira za unsembe wa zitsime ziwiri (mkuyu. 4) kuti chipangizocho chikukwaniritsa zofunikira zopangira pa malo, ndipo kusintha ndi kulinganiza ntchito kumakhala kosavuta komanso mofulumira, kupulumutsa nthawi ndi khama.Malo ogwirira ntchito amafunikira pakuwongolera kupanga: chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa magawo opangira chitsime chamafuta olemera, makina opopera ayenera kusinthidwa ndikuwongolera nthawi molingana ndi kusintha kwa katundu ndi pano.Kuyika kwa chipangizochi kumathandizanso kugwira ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito komanso kumachepetsa mphamvu ya ntchito.The portable mafuta kupopera unit balance kulemera foni yam'manja ndi yotetezeka komanso yodalirika kugwiritsa ntchito, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yaying'ono kukula kwake, yopepuka kulemera, yabwino kunyamula, imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi mtengo wotsika wopanga.
Mayesowa atapambana, gululi lidachita zotsatsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito gulu lachisanu ndi chitatu lopanga mafuta.Kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala 2016, ntchito yosinthira bwino idachitika m'zitsime za 5, zomwe zidatenga pafupifupi mphindi 21.5, ndikukwaniritsa zomwe zikuyembekezeka komanso zoyenera.
5. Mapeto
(1) Chipangizochi chimachepetsa mphamvu ya ogwira ntchito ndikuwongolera chitetezo cha ntchito yamutu.
(2) Limbikitsani kusungirako makina opopera, pezani zoopsa zobisika ndikuchotsa zinthu zachilendo pakapita nthawi, kuti chipangizo chopopera chizitha kugwira ntchito bwino.
(3) Chipangizocho chili ndi ubwino wa mapangidwe omveka, kupanga kosavuta, ntchito yodalirika, ntchito yabwino pa malo, ndalama zochepa komanso chitetezo chokwanira, ndipo ndi choyenera kukwezedwa mosalekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-13-2022