1. Chidule
Ulusi wamkati womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafunde a longitudinal ndipo wasankhidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito umakhazikika ndimabolt wambandi mabotolo odzitsekera okha, okonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa mabotolo omangirira ndi ma curve odzitsekera okha akuwunikidwa. Zotsatira zake: Njira yoyezera bolt ndi bolt idzapeza mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana oyezera, nthawi yotsekera ya unyolo imapangitsa kuti kudziletsa kukhale kodziletsa komanso nthawi yoyezera yokha itsogolere ku zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha curve yachizolowezi yoyenda, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe apezeka adzasunthira kumanja.
2. Filosofi Yoyesera
Masiku ano, njira ya ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.mayeso a mphamvu ya axial ya boltya malo omangirira a subsystem yamagalimoto, ndiko kuti, curve yodziwika bwino ya ubale (bolt calibration curve) pakati pa mphamvu ya axial ya bolt ndi kusiyana kwa nthawi ya sound ya ultrasonic imapezeka pasadakhale, ndipo mayeso otsatira a subsystem yeniyeni ya gawo amachitidwa. Mphamvu ya axial ya bolt mu cholumikizira chomangirira ingapezeke poyesa kusiyana kwa nthawi ya phokoso la bolt ndikugwiritsa ntchito curve ya calibration. Chifukwa chake, kupeza curve yolondola ya calibration ndikofunikira kwambiri pa kulondola kwa zotsatira za muyeso wa mphamvu ya axial ya bolt mu subsystem yeniyeni ya gawo. Pakadali pano, njira zoyesera za ultrasonic zimaphatikizapo njira ya mafunde amodzi (monga njira ya mafunde a longitudinal) ndi njira ya mafunde a longitudinal transverse.
Mu ndondomeko yowunikira ma bolt, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za kuwunikira, monga kutalika kwa clamping, kutentha, liwiro la makina omangirira, zida zomangira, ndi zina zotero. Pakadali pano, njira yowunikira ma bolt yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi njira yowunikira kuzungulira. Ma bolt amawunikidwa pa benchi yoyesera ma bolt, zomwe zimafuna kupanga zida zothandizira sensor ya axial force, yomwe ndi pressure plate ndi internal threaded hole fixture. Ntchito ya internal threaded hole fixture ndikusintha ma nati wamba. Kapangidwe kotsutsana ndi kumasuka nthawi zambiri kamagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo olumikizirana ndi chitetezo chapamwamba cha chassis yamagalimoto kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwa kulumikiza kwake. Chimodzi mwa njira zotsutsana ndi kumasuka zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi nati yodzitsekera yokha, kutanthauza nati yotseka ya torque yogwira ntchito.
Wolembayo akugwiritsa ntchito njira ya mafunde a longitudinal ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito chopangira chamkati chopangidwa ndi iye mwini kuti asankhe nati wamba ndi nati yodzitsekera yokha kuti igwirizane ndi bolt. Kudzera mu njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira ndi njira zoyezera, kusiyana pakati pa nati wamba ndi nati yodzitsekera yokha kuti igwirizane ndi bolt curve kumaphunziridwa. Kuyesa mphamvu ya axial kwa zomangira zamagalimoto kumapereka malingaliro ena.
Kuyesa mphamvu ya axial ya mabolts pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa ultrasonic ndi njira yoyesera yosalunjika. Malinga ndi mfundo ya sonoelasticity, liwiro la kufalikira kwa mawu mu zinthu zolimba limakhudzana ndi kupsinjika, kotero mafunde a ultrasound angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza mphamvu ya axial ya mabolts [5-8]. Bolt imadzitambasula yokha panthawi yolimbitsa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imapanga kupsinjika kwa axial. Kugunda kwa ultrasonic kudzatumizidwa kuchokera pamutu wa bolt kupita kumchira. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kuchuluka kwa medium, idzabwerera m'njira yoyambirira, ndipo pamwamba pa bolt idzalandira chizindikiro kudzera mu piezoelectric ceramic. kusiyana kwa nthawi Δt. Chithunzi chojambula cha mayeso a ultrasound chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Kusiyana kwa nthawi kumagwirizana ndi kutalika.
Kuyesa mphamvu ya axial ya mabolts pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa ultrasonic ndi njira yoyesera yosalunjika. Malinga ndi mfundo ya sonoelasticity, liwiro la kufalikira kwa mawu mu zinthu zolimba limakhudzana ndi kupsinjika, kotero mafunde a ultrasound angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupezamphamvu yozungulira ya maboltsBolodi imadzitambasula yokha panthawi yolimbitsa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imapanga kupsinjika kwa axial tensile. Kugunda kwa ultrasonic kudzatumizidwa kuchokera pamutu wa bolodi kupita kumchira. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kuchuluka kwa medium, idzabwerera m'njira yoyambirira, ndipo pamwamba pa bolodi idzalandira chizindikiro kudzera mu piezoelectric ceramic. kusiyana kwa nthawi Δt. Chithunzi chojambula cha mayeso a ultrasound chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Kusiyana kwa nthawi kumagwirizana ndi kutalika.
M12 mm × 1.75 mm × 100 mm kenako kufotokozera za mabaluti, gwiritsani ntchito mabaluti wamba kuti mukonze mabaluti 5 otere, choyamba gwiritsani ntchito mayeso odziyimira pawokha ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phala losungunula, ndi mbale yozungulira yopangira kuti igwirizane ndi flange ndikukanikiza Mukasanthula mafunde oyamba (ndiko kuti, kujambula L0 yoyambirira), kenako muyikokere ku 100 N m + 30° ndi chida chimodzi (chotchedwa njira ya mtundu I), ndipo china ndikusanthula mafunde oyamba ndikuyika screw ku kukula kwa chandamale ndi mfuti yomangirira (yotchedwa njira ya mtundu I). Pa njira yachiwiri), padzakhala mtundu wina munjira iyi (monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 4) 5 ndi bolt wamba ndi njira yodzitsekera yokha. Mzere wozungulira pambuyo pa kulinganiza malinga ndi njira ya mtundu I Chithunzi 6 ndi mtundu wodzitsekera wokha. Chithunzi 6 ndi kalasi yodzitsekera yokha. Ma curve a Kalasi I ndi Kalasi II. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ikhoza kukhala, pogwiritsa ntchito curve yapadera ya kalasi ya nangula wamba, yofanana (zonse zimadutsa poyambira ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo ndi chiwerengero cha mfundo); kutseka mtundu wa index wa mtundu wa nangula (mtundu I ndi chizindikiro cha nangula, kutsetsereka kwa kusiyana kwa nthawi ndi chiwerengero cha mfundo); kupeza kufanana)
Kuyesera 3 ndikukhazikitsa Y3 coordinate ya Graph Setup mu pulogalamu ya zida zopezera deta ngati coordinate ya kutentha (pogwiritsa ntchito sensa ya kutentha yakunja), kukhazikitsa mtunda wa bolt mpaka 60 mm kuti ilinganizidwe, ndikulemba mphamvu ya torque/axial/temperature ndi curve ya ngodya. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 8, zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi screwing yopitilira ya bolt, kutentha kumakwera mosalekeza, ndipo kukwera kwa kutentha kumatha kuonedwa ngati kolunjika. Zitsanzo zinayi za bolt zidasankhidwa kuti zilinganizidwe ndi ma nati odzitsekera okha. Chithunzi 9 chikuwonetsa ma calibration curve a ma bolt anayi. Zitha kuwoneka kuti ma curve anayi onse atembenuzidwa kumanja, koma digiri ya kumasulira ndi yosiyana. Gome 2 limalemba mtunda womwe calibration curve imasunthira kumanja ndipo kutentha kumawonjezeka panthawi yolimbitsa. Zitha kuwoneka kuti digiri ya calibration curve imasunthira kumanja kwenikweni ikugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha.
3. Mapeto ndi Kukambirana
Bolodi imagwiridwa ntchito limodzi ndi mphamvu ya axial stress ndi torsional stress panthawi yomangika, ndipo mphamvu yochokera pa ziwirizi pamapeto pake imapangitsa bolodi kugonja. Pakulinganiza bolodi, mphamvu ya axial ya bolodi yokha ndi yomwe imaonekera pa calibration curve kuti ipereke mphamvu yomangirira ya subsystem yomangirira. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zotsatira za mayeso mu Chithunzi 5 kuti, ngakhale ndi nati yodzitsekera yokha, ngati kutalika koyambirira kwalembedwa bolodi itazunguliridwa ndi manja mpaka pomwe ikufuna kukwanira pamwamba pa mbale yokakamiza, zotsatira za calibration curve zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi za nati wamba. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mu mkhalidwe uwu, mphamvu ya self-locking torque ya nati yodzitsekera yokha ndi yochepa.
Ngati bolt yamangidwa mwachindunji mu nati yodzitsekera yokha ndi mfuti yamagetsi, curve idzasunthira kumanja konse, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 6. Izi zikusonyeza kuti torque yodzitsekera yokha imakhudza kusiyana kwa nthawi ya acoustic mu calibration curve. Onani gawo loyambirira la curve litasunthidwa kumanja, kusonyeza kuti mphamvu ya axial sikupangidwabe malinga ngati bolt ili ndi kuchuluka kwa kutalika, kapena mphamvu ya axial ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, zomwe zikufanana ndi kuti bolt sinakanikizidwe motsutsana ndi sensa ya mphamvu ya axial. Kutambasula, mwachiwonekere kutalikitsa kwa bolt panthawiyi ndi kutalikitsa kolakwika, osati kutalikitsa kwenikweni. Chifukwa cha kutalikitsa kolakwika ndikuti kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi torque yodzitsekera yokha panthawi yolimbitsa mpweya kumakhudza kufalikira kwa mafunde a ultrasound, komwe kumawonetsedwa pa curve. Zimasonyeza kuti bolt yatalikitsidwa, kusonyeza kuti kutentha kumakhudza mafunde a ultrasound. Pa Chithunzi 6, nati yodzitsekera yokha imagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyesa kuwerengera, koma chifukwa chomwe curve ya calibration siisunthira kumanja ndikuti ngakhale pali kukangana pamene mukuyika screw mu nati yodzitsekera yokha, kutentha kumapangidwa, koma kutentha kwaphatikizidwa pakulemba kutalika koyambirira kwa bolt. Yachotsedwa, ndipo nthawi yoyezera bolt ndi yochepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri yochepera 5s), kotero zotsatira za kutentha sizimawonekera pa curve ya calibration.
Kuchokera pa kusanthula komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa, kukhoza kuwoneka kuti kugwedezeka kwa ulusi mu screwing ya mpweya kumapangitsa kutentha kwa bolt kukwera, zomwe zimachepetsa liwiro la mafunde a ultrasonic, lomwe limawonetsedwa ngati kusintha kofanana kwa curve yowunikira kumanja. Mphamvu, zonse ziwiri zimagwirizana ndi kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa ulusi, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 10. Mu Gome 2, kukula kwa kusintha kolondola kwa curve yowunikira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa bolt panthawi yonse yolimbitsa zimawerengedwa. Kutha kuwoneka kuti kukula kwa kusintha kolondola kwa curve yowunikira kukugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha, ndipo kuli ndi ubale wofanana. Chiŵerengerocho ndi pafupifupi 10.1. Poganiza kuti kutentha kukukwera ndi 10°C, kusiyana kwa nthawi ya acoustic kumawonjezeka ndi 101ns, komwe kumagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya axial ya 24.4kN pa curve yowunikira ya bolt ya M12. Kuchokera pamalingaliro enieni, zafotokozedwa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kudzapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya resonant ya zinthu za bolt isinthe, kotero kuti liwiro la mafunde a ultrasonic kudzera mu bolt medium lisinthe kenako ndikukhudza nthawi yofalikira ya ultrasonic.
4. Malangizo
Mukagwiritsa ntchito mtedza wamba ndinati yodzitsekera yokhaKuti muwongolere mawonekedwe a bolt, ma curve osiyanasiyana a calibration adzapezeka chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana. Mphamvu yomangika ya nati yodzitsekera yokha imawonjezera kutentha kwa bolt, zomwe zimawonjezera kusiyana kwa nthawi ya ultrasonic, ndipo mawonekedwe a calibration omwe apezeka adzasunthira kumanja motsatizana.
Pa nthawi yoyeserera ya labotale, mphamvu ya kutentha pa mafunde a ultrasound iyenera kuchotsedwa momwe zingathere, kapena njira yofanana yoyezera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo awiri a mayeso a bolt calibration ndi axial force.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-19-2022
