Poyerekeza, chiwembu choyenera kwambiri cha makina ophatikizika a riyakitala yayikulu nati ofukula kuyeretsa makina akufunsidwa. Mabawuti akulu ndi mabawuti amatha kuyang'aniridwa ndikuthiridwa mafuta kamodzi kokha. Mfundo Yaikulu Mfundoyi imagwiritsa ntchito chofalitsa kuti chikweze bawuti molunjika polowetsa ndi kutsitsa. Mtedza umatsatiridwa ndi mfundo yogwira ntchito. Dziwani ndikuzindikira ndikupanga chithunzi chakukula kwa ulusi, mankhwalawo amakhala ndi zinyalala zochepa zotulutsa ma radio ndipo amakhala ndi malo ochepa. Zida izi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'munda wamagetsi a nyukiliya, ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za bolts zazikulu za chotengera chokakamiza.
Ena oyimilira alipo RPV bawuti yayikulu ndimtedzamakina ochapira ndi awa:
(1) Makina ochapira a CNNC Wuhan Nuclear Power Operation Technology Co., Ltd. (amene amatchedwa CNPO) amatengera mtundu wopingasa.
(2) Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences utenga yopingasa kuyeretsa , ndi zipangizo Integrated.
(3) China Nuclear Power Research and Design Institute imatenga kuyeretsa kolunjika.
1. Funso Lofufuza
Pambuyo poyendetsa chombo champhamvu cha nyukiliya chakhala chikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, madontho amafuta ndi zonyansa zina pamabawuti akulundipo mtedza wakhazikika m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri. Ngati sanatsukidwe mu nthawi, kumbali imodzi, zingayambitse kugwidwa kwa ulusi, ndipo kumbali inayo, zidzakhudza zoyendera zotsatila. kukhazikitsa, zomwe zimabweretsa kusokonezeka kwa ma sign ndi malingaliro olakwika. Kuyeretsa ma bolts ndi mtedza waukulu wa RPV ndi imodzi mwantchito zowonetsetsa kuti mabawuti akulu a RPV ali pamalo otetezeka komanso odalirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa bwino mabawuti akulu ndi mtedza wa RPV.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso la makina oyeretsera ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za magetsi omwe ali ndi malo ocheperapo, madzi otayira ochepa komanso otetezeka kwambiri, pambuyo poyerekezera mwatsatanetsatane, zimatsimikizira kuti makina oyeretsera omwe ali ndi makina osakanikirana kwambiri ndi omwe amachititsa kuti makina oyeretsera awonongeke. yabwino yothetsera.
Poganizira izi, tidapanga pawokha makina otsuka amtundu wa RPV ndi ma nut vertical cleaner omwe ali ndi digiri yapamwamba yodzipangira okha, yomwe imatha kumaliza kutsitsa ndikutsitsa, bawuti ndi mtedza ndi kuyanika mpweya, komanso kuyang'anira makina owonera ndi bawuti. kuthira mafuta pamutu umodzi.
2. Mavuto Aakulu
Mu phunziro ili, pamaziko a cholowa chaukadaulo wamba ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwa chidziwitso cha makina otsuka opingasa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuyeretsa kumakwaniritsidwa, njira yoyeretsera imakongoletsedwa, ndi bawuti yayikulu ya RPV ndinati ofukulamakina otsuka okhala ndi digiri yapamwamba yodzipangira okha amapangidwa ndikupangidwa, makamaka kuphatikiza izi:
(1) Mapangidwe a njira yokwezera yolumikizira bolt.
(2) Mapangidwe a njira yokwaniritsira kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa mtedza.
(3) Mapangidwe a njira yokwaniritsira yoyeretsa nthawi yomweyo ma bolt ndi mtedza.
(4) Mapangidwe a njira yokwaniritsira yowunikira masomphenya a makina a ulusi.
(5) Kuwongolera dongosolo kukhazikitsa dongosolo.
3. Njira Yofufuzira ndi Njira
Makina otsuka a bawuti ndi nati woyimirira ali ndi ntchito yotsitsa ndi kutsitsa nati, kuyeretsa ulusi, kuyanika mpweya, kuyang'ana makina a ulusi wa bawuti, ndi kuthira mafuta.
Makina ochapira amaphatikizana kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi awa: Chigawo chotsuka bolt ndi mtedza chili pakati pa makina ochapira, ndipo pampu yamagetsi yotulutsa zinyalala imakonzedwa kumunsi, ndipo madziwo amapangidwa. thanki yosungirako ndi fyuluta ya makina oyeretsera amadzimadzi amaikidwa m'bokosi lakumanzere. , pampu ya maginito, thanki yamadzi otayira ndi fani ndi fyuluta ya mpweya wa pneumatic ndi makina otulutsa mpweya. Chigawo chotengera zithunzi chimayikidwa kunja kwa bokosi loyeretsera bawuti kuti liwunikenso masomphenya a makina a ulusi. Chojambula cha cantilever chimayikidwa pamwamba pa kabati, ndipo chophimba chowonetsera chomwe chimayikidwa kumapeto kwa cantilever chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida. Maboti amatsuka kumbuyo kwa bokosi kuti akhazikitse zida zowongolera. Chitseko chosindikizidwa chimayikidwa kutsogolo kwa bokosi loyeretsera bolt, ndipo galasi limayikidwa pakhomo kuti liwonetsetse kuyeretsa. Khomo losindikizidwa limapanikizidwa pazigawo za 3 kuti zitsimikizire kusindikiza (onani chithunzichi pansipa).
Ubwino waukulu wa makina otsuka awa ndi awa:
(1) Ntchito zonse zitha kumalizidwa pakukweza kumodzi.
(2) Mtedza ukhoza kukwezedwa ndi kutsitsa wokha.
(3) Tsukani mtedza ndi mabawuti oyimirira nthawi imodzi.
(4) Ili ndi ntchito yowunikira masomphenya a makina a ulusi ndikupanga chithunzi cha chitukuko cha ulusi.
Kachitidwe kachitidwe ka ubwino ndi ntchito zazikuluzikuluzi zidzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
3.1 Kukweza Msonkhano wa Bolt
Msonkhano wa bawuti ndi mtedza umakwezedwa kuchokera mudengu losungiramo bawuti kupita ku thireyi yayikulu ya bawuti mkati mwa bawuti ndi makina otsuka mtedza kudzera pa chofalitsa chapadera chokhala ngati C (onani Chithunzi 2).
3.2 Kutsitsa ndikutsitsa mtedza
(1) Kapangidwe ka zida
The nati automatic loading and unloading unit imaphatikizidwa mkati mwa bokosi loyeretsa. Zimaphatikizapo makina oyendetsa bolt, makina okweza mtedza ndi makina obowoleza bolt.
Makina oyendetsa bolt amapangidwa makamaka ndi tray yayikulu ya bawuti ndi bolt drive geared motor.
Makina onyamulira mtedza amapangidwa makamaka ndi chojambula chachikulu chokonzera mtedza, chowongolera, chotsatira chotsatira, screw trapezoidal, axis optical axis ndi screw drive motor.
Makina omangira a stud amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zomangira zazikulu m'bokosi. Ndi gawo laling'ono la theka la arc clamping ndipo limayikidwa mkati mwa bokosi loyeretsa.
(2) Zowona zenizeni
Kukweza ndi kutsitsa ma bolts, mtedza, mtedza, makina ogwira ntchito, amatha kukhala makina, amatha kuonetsetsa kuti ulusiwo ulibe kuwonongeka. . Pa nthawi yomweyi, ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi
Njira yochotsera nati ndi motere:
Bolt yayikulu imazungulira mozungulira, singano imazungulira, nati imazungulira, singano imazungulira, ndiyeno imazungulira mozungulira, imangozungulira, ndipo imatha kungoyenda mozungulira, ndikusuntha mozungulira, kalozera woyenda amadzuka ndipo bala imayendetsa mozungulira, Pangani motor motor motor slider slider slider slider yemweyo yemweyo kukwera kuwuka kuwuka kuwuka kuwuka kukwera kukwera kukwera, awiri osayenda oyenda kukwera kukwera kukwera zungulira tembenuza tembenuza tembenuza tembenuza tembenuza tembenuza tembenuza tembenuza tembenuzani kuti mupewe kugunda koyamba kwa mtedza pamene mukupunthwa.
Mtedza umatha kuchoka pagawo lopangidwa ndi ulusi, bawuti yayikulu, bawuti yayikulu imazungulira, kuzungulira kwachangu, ndikuyenda, ndipo, ndikutsatira, ndi slide block, imakankhira kukhudzana, kukankhira, kukankhira kutsata. tsatirani slide block slide block. Pakalipano ntchito yodzipatula yokha ya mtedza waukulu watha.
Anaika pulogalamu ndi mosemphanitsa.
Kuyeretsa kumagawidwa mu ulusi woyeretsa wamkati wa mtedza waukulu ndi magawo atatu akunja a ulusi kuyeretsa bawuti yayikulu. Popeza mtedza waukulu umakhala pamwamba pa bolt yaikulu, pofuna kuteteza madzi oyeretsera akuyenda pansi pa mtedza waukulu kuti asawononge mabotolo otsukidwa, pambuyo poyeretsa ma bolts ndi mtedza, Bolts amawonjezera sitepe yotsuka.
(1)Kuyeretsa mtedza
Kuyeretsa mtedza kumatheka makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito burashi yotsuka mtedza ndi njira yonyamulira mtedza. Burashi yotsuka nati ndi mota yoyendetsa zimayikidwa pachivundikiro chapamwamba cha makina otsuka.
Burashi yotsuka mtedza imapangidwa makamaka ndi mutu wa burashi wotsuka, shaft yayikulu ndi silinda yothandizira. Mutu wa burashi wotsuka ndi mawonekedwe a centrifugal. Pamene si atembenuza, akunja envelopu awiri a kuyeretsa burashi ndi laling'ono kuposa m'mimba mwake wamkati wa mtedza. Pamene mutu wa burashi ukuzungulira, mpando wokonza burashi umatsegulidwa pansi pa mphamvu ya centrifugal, ndipo burashi ya nayiloni yomwe imayikidwa pampando wokonza ili pafupi ndi mtedza. Nati mkati ulusi pamwamba.
Mtedza usanatsukidwe, njira yokwezera nati imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza nati ndikulowetsedwa mumutu wa burashi wotsuka, kenako makina otsuka maburashi otsuka ndikuyamba kutembenuza mutu wa burashi. Pamene mutu wa burashi ukuzungulira, mtedza waukulu umayenda mmwamba ndi pansi pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka makina onyamulira, kuti ayeretse gawo lonse la ulusi.
(2)Kuyeretsa bolt
Chigawo chotsuka bawuti chimapangidwa makamaka ndi cholumikizira burashi, cholumikizira burashi, chida chachikulu chokonzera bawuti ndi chida chachikulu choyendetsera bawuti. Msonkhano wa burashi wodzigudubuza umalumikizidwa ndi ndodo ya pisitoni ya silinda yake yopindika kudzera pa ndodo yopukutira burashi. Ndodo ya pisitoni ya silinda ya burashi ikakankhidwira kunja, msonkhano wa burashi wopukutira umasuntha pafupi ndi gawo lopindika la bawuti yayikulu, ndipo ikabwezedwa, msonkhano wa burashi wopukutira umakhala kutali ndi bawuti yayikulu. Burashi yodzigudubuza yoyendetsa galimoto imayendetsa burashi yozungulira kuti izungulire mu pulley ya lamba.
Mukayeretsa mabawuti akulu, choyendetsa chachikulu cha bawuti chimayendetsa mabawuti akulu pa thireyi kuti azungulire, silinda ya swing imasunthira msonkhano wa burashi pafupi ndi ulusi wa magawo atatu a bawuti yayikulu, imayambitsa mota yodzigudubuza, ndipo burashi yodzigudubuza imazungulira pamwamba pa bawuti yayikulu. Kenako mabawuti akuluakulu amatha kutsukidwa.
Panthawi yoyeretsa, makina oyeretsera amadzimadzi amapereka madzi oyeretsera ku chitoliro chamadzimadzi, ndipo ma nozzles angapo amayikidwa papaipi yamadzimadzi yopopera kuti ipoperani madzi oyeretsera pamwamba pa bolt.
4. Mavuto ndi Mayankho
Pakufufuza ndi kupanga mapangidwe, pofuna kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a zidazo, mayeso ambiri adachitidwa ndi bolt ndi nut simulation body pambuyo zidapangidwa, ndipo zovuta zina zidapezeka panthawiyi, ndi mayankho ofananira. anatengedwa.
(1) Kutayikira kwa bokosi loyeretsera
Popeza zida ndi mawonekedwe ofukula, izi zimayika patsogolo zofunikira pakusindikiza bokosilo. Panthawi yoyeretsa, zidapezeka kuti gawo lina lamadzi oyeretsera linaponyedwa mkati mwa khomo lopanda mpweya ndi chimango, kenako limatsikira pansi, ndikuyambitsa kutayikira. Chitani zotsatirazi pankhaniyi:
(2) Pa nthawi yonse yoyeretsa ndi kuyanika mpweya, fani imakhala nthawi zonse kuti iwonetsetse kuti mpweya wa mpweya mu bokosi loyeretsera umakhala wotsika kusiyana ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga ndipo umakhala wovuta kwambiri, womwe umalepheretsa kusefukira. wa zinyalala madzi ndi gasi zinyalala mu bokosi, ndipo amatsimikizira mokwanira chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito.
(3) Pamwamba pazigawo zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mkati mwa khomo losindikizidwa la bokosi loyeretsera limapopera ndi zokutira zapamwamba kwambiri za hydrophobic, ndipo galasi lachitseko limathandizidwanso ndi mankhwala a hydrophobic, kotero kuti madontho amadzi amathira pakhomo lotsekedwa panthawi yotsekedwa. kuyeretsa ndondomeko sadzakhala kutsatira khomo gulu ndi galasi, potero kuwongolera otsalira m'malovu madzi pachitseko gulu kugwa vuto.
(2) Kutsetsereka kwa bolt
Poyamba, thireyi yayikulu imatengera mawonekedwe omangira mbale za mphira pazigawo zachitsulo. Pamene torque yoyendetsa galimotoyo ndi yaikulu kwambiri, mphira ndi pansi pa ma bolts amazembera ndikugwira ntchito yoteteza.
Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito, madzi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yoyeretsera, ndipo kuyendetsa galimoto ya bolt yaikulu kunali kwabwino; mu siteji kenako, pambuyo sing'anga kuyeretsa m'malo ndi kuyeretsa madzimadzi kwenikweni ntchito mu zomera mphamvu nyukiliya, anapeza kuti bawuti waukulu sakanakhoza lotengeka ndi kuzembera. Pambuyo pounika, njira yoyendetsera bawuti yoyambirira inali yosavomerezeka chifukwa chamafuta oyeretsera.
Poletsa momwe amamangirira mbale ya rabala pazigawo zachitsulo pa bawuti yayikulu, ma plunge 4 ozungulira amayikidwa mwachindunji pathireyi yayikulu. Bolt yayikulu ikayendetsedwa, ma 2 spherical plungers amalowa pansi pa bawuti yayikulu, kuti azindikire kuyendetsa kwa bawuti yayikulu, ngati torque yoyendetsa ndi yayikulu kwambiri, chitetezo chitha kuzindikirika. Nthawi yomweyo, bolt yayikulu yoyendetsa servo motor ilinso ndi chitetezo cha torque. Pamene bawuti yayikulu yoyendetsa galimoto ipitilira mtengo wokhazikitsidwa, imayima ndikuyimitsa.
(4) Kuwumitsa mpweya sikuli bwino
Titakonza zolakwika, tidapeza kuti mabawuti sanali owumitsidwa ndi mpweya, ndipo zotsatira zake ziyenera kuwongolera.
Pophunzira njira yowumitsa mpweya wa zipangizozi, zinapezeka kuti kumayambiriro kwa ntchito, burashi ya bolt imangoyenda pafupi ndikuzungulira mofulumira pamene bolt imatsukidwa kuti ichotse madontho a pamwamba. Njira yowumitsa mpweya ikayamba, burashi ya bawuti imachoka pa bawuti, ndipo bawutiyo imawumitsidwa ndi mpweya wokha ndi jet yothamanga kwambiri ya mpweya woponderezedwa.
Pachifukwa ichi, wolembayo amawongolera njira yowumitsa mpweya. Pambuyo poyeretsa, pamene kuyanika kwa mpweya kumayamba, burashi yodzigudubuza imayandikira pafupi ndi bolt ndiyeno imazungulira mofulumira kuti ichotse madzi pamwamba. Pambuyo pa 1/3 ya mpweya wowumitsa mpweya, burashi yodzigudubuza imachoka pa bawuti ndikusiya kusinthasintha, kenako imapitirira Maboti amawumitsidwa ndi jet yothamanga kwambiri ya mpweya woponderezedwa.
Kuchita zatsimikizira kuti pambuyo kusintha, mpweya kuyanika zotsatira bwino kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-17-2022