Poyerekeza, njira yabwino kwambiri yoyeretsera makina oyeretsera a reactor main nut vertical ikuperekedwa. Mabolt ndi ma bolt akuluakulu amatha kufufuzidwa ndikupakidwa mafuta kamodzi kokha. Mfundo Yaikulu Mfundo Yaikulu imagwiritsa ntchito chofalitsira kukweza bolt molunjika mu ntchito yokweza ndi kutsitsa. Natiyo imatsatiridwa ndi mfundo yogwira ntchito. Dziwani ndikupeza ndikupanga chithunzi chopangira ulusi, chinthucho chili ndi zinyalala zochepa za radioactive ndipo chimakhala ndi malo ochepa. Zipangizozi zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'munda wamagetsi a nyukiliya, ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ma bolt akuluakulu a chotengera cha pressure cha reactor.
Boluti lalikulu la RPV lomwe lilipo kale ndinatimakina oyeretsera ndi awa:
(1) Makina ochapira a m'badwo woyamba a CNNC Wuhan Nuclear Power Operation Technology Co., Ltd. (omwe tsopano akutchedwa CNPO) amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wopingasa.
(2) Bungwe la Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences limagwiritsa ntchito kuyeretsa kopingasa, ndipo zipangizozo zimaphatikizidwa.
(3) China Nuclear Power Research and Design Institute imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeretsera yoyimirira.
1. Funso Lofufuza
Pambuyo poti chotengera cha mphamvu ya nyukiliya chakhala chikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, mafuta ndi zinthu zina zodetsa zimatuluka pamabolts akuluakulundipo mtedza wakhazikika pamalo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri. Ngati sunatsukidwe pa nthawi yake, mbali imodzi, ukhoza kuyambitsa kugwidwa kwa ulusi, ndipo kumbali ina, udzakhudza kuyesedwa komwe kumachitika pambuyo pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiro ndi ziganizo zolakwika zisamayende bwino. Kuyeretsa mabotolo akuluakulu a RPV ndi mtedza ndi ntchito imodzi yowonetsetsa kuti mabotolo akuluakulu a RPV ali otetezeka komanso odalirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa bwino mabotolo akuluakulu a RPV ndi mtedza.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a makina oyeretsera ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za malo opangira magetsi okhala ndi malo ochepa pansi, zinyalala zochepa komanso chitetezo chokwanira, pambuyo poyerekeza bwino, zatsimikiziridwa kuti makina oyeretsera oyima okhala ndi makina ogwirizana kwambiri ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri.
Poganizira izi, tinapanga makina oyeretsera a RPV main bolt ndi nut vertical omwe ali ndi automation yapamwamba kwambiri, omwe amatha kudzaza ndi kutsitsa ma nut okha, kuyeretsa ma bolt ndi nut ndi kuumitsa mpweya, komanso kuyang'ana makina a ulusi ndi mafuta a bolt nthawi imodzi.
2. Mavuto Aakulu
Mu kafukufukuyu, potengera ukadaulo wodziwika bwino komanso chidziwitso chomwe makina oyeretsera opingasa amakwaniritsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuyeretsa kumachitika bwino, njira yoyeretsera imakonzedwa bwino, ndipo bolt yayikulu ya RPV ndinati woyimiriraMakina oyeretsera okhala ndi digiri yapamwamba kwambiri yodziyimira pawokha adapangidwa ndikupangidwa, makamaka kuphatikiza zinthu izi:
(1) Kapangidwe ka njira yokwezera bolt.
(2) Kapangidwe ka njira yodziwira yokha kukweza ndi kutsitsa mtedza.
(3) Kapangidwe ka njira yodziwira kuyeretsa maboliti ndi mtedza nthawi imodzi.
(4) Kapangidwe ka njira yodziwira masomphenya a makina a ulusi.
(5) Kapangidwe ka dongosolo loyendetsera ntchito.
3. Njira Yofufuzira ndi Njira
Makina oyeretsera oimirira a bolt ndi mtedza ali ndi ntchito zokweza ndi kutsitsa mtedza wokha, kuyeretsa ulusi, kuumitsa mpweya, kuyang'ana ulusi wa bolt ndi makina, komanso kudzola mafuta.
Makina ochapira ndi ogwirizana kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi motere: Chida chotsukira boluti ndi mtedza chili pakati pa makina ochapira, ndipo pampu ya giya yochotsera madzi otayira imayikidwa pansi, ndipo thanki yosungiramo madzi ndi fyuluta ya makina ochapira madzi oyeretsera zimayikidwa motsatana m'bokosi lakumanzere. , pampu yamaginito, thanki yamadzi otayira ndi fan ndi fyuluta ya mpweya wopopera ndi makina otulutsa utsi. Chida chopezera zithunzi chimayikidwa kunja kwa bokosi lotsukira boluti kuti chiwunikire makina owonera ulusi. Kapangidwe ka chotsukira chaikidwa pamwamba pa kabati, ndipo chophimba chowonetsera chomwe chili kumapeto kwa chotsukira chaikidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pazida. Maboluti amatsuka kumbuyo kwa bokosi kuti aike zida zowongolera. Chitseko chotsekedwa chimayikidwa patsogolo pa bokosi lotsukira boluti, ndipo galasi limayikidwa pakhomo kuti lizithandiza kuwona momwe kuyeretsa kulili. Chitseko chotsekedwa chimakanikizidwa pa mfundo zitatu kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutseka kukuchitika (onani chithunzi pansipa).
Ubwino waukulu wa makina oyeretsera awa ndi:
(1) Ntchito zonse zitha kumalizidwa mu kukweza kamodzi.
(2) Mtedzawu ukhoza kulowetsedwa ndikutsitsidwa wokha.
(3) Tsukani mtedza ndi mabotolo oyima nthawi imodzi.
(4) Ili ndi ntchito yowunikira makina a ulusi ndipo imapanga chithunzi cha chitukuko cha ulusi.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ubwino ndi ntchito zazikuluzi idzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
3.1 Kukweza Bolt Assembly
Cholumikizira cha bolt ndi mtedza chimakwezedwa kuchokera mudengu losungiramo bolt kupita ku thireyi yayikulu ya bolt mkati mwa makina oyeretsera bolt ndi mtedza kudzera mu chofalitsa chapadera chooneka ngati C (onani Chithunzi 2).
3.2 Kutsegula ndi kutsitsa mtedza zokha
(1) Kapangidwe ka zida
Chipangizo chotsitsira ndi kutsitsa mafuta cha mtedza chimayikidwa mkati mwa bokosi loyeretsera. Chimaphatikizapo makamaka njira yoyendetsera bolt, njira yokwezera mtedza ndi njira yotsekera bolt.
Njira yoyendetsera bolt imapangidwa makamaka ndi thireyi yayikulu ya bolt ndi mota yoyendetsera bolt.
Njira yonyamulira mtedza imapangidwa makamaka ndi chogwirira chachikulu chokonzera mtedza, choyendetsa choyendetsa, chotsatirira, chokulungira cha trapezoidal, chowongolera chowongolera ndi mota yoyendetsa zokulungira.
Njira yolumikizira stud imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza screw clamp yayikulu m'bokosi. Ndi kapangidwe kozungulira ka arc clamping kokhala ndi theka la theka ndipo kamayikidwa pa chimango chamkati cha bokosi loyeretsera.
(2) Zoona zenizeni
Mabotolo okweza ndi kutsitsa mtedza, mtedza, mtedza, njira yogwira ntchito, ikhoza kukhala njira, imatha kuwonetsetsa kuti ulusiwo suwonongeka. . Nthawi yomweyo, ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi
Njira yochotsera mtedza ndi iyi:
Bolodi yaikulu imazungulira mozungulira, singano imazungulira, nati imazungulira, singano imazungulira, kenako imazungulira mozungulira, imazungulira yokha, ndipo imatha kusuntha mozungulira, pamene ikuyenda motsatira mzere, chitsogozo choyendetsa chimakwera ndipo bala imayendetsa kuzungulira, Pangani mota ya mota mota mota mota mota slider slider imodzi yofanana kukwera kukwera kukwera kukwera kukwera kukwera kukwera, ma slider awiri osayenda slider zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira ma slider awiri slider zungulira zungulira zungulira zungulira kuti mupewe kukhudzidwa ndi ulusi woyamba wa nati mukagwa.
Nati imachoka pa gawo lolumikizidwa, boti lalikulu, boti lalikulu limazungulira, kuzungulira kogwira ntchito, ndi kuyenda, ndipo, ndi kutsatira, ndi slide block, imakankhira kukhudzana, kukankhira, kukankhira slide block yotsatizana yotsatizana yotsatizana. Pakadali pano ntchito yochotsa yokha nati yayikulu yatha.
Ndayika pulogalamuyo ndipo mosemphanitsa.
Kuyeretsa kumagawidwa makamaka m'magulu awiri: kuyeretsa ulusi wamkati wa nati yayikulu ndi kuyeretsa ulusi wakunja wa bolt yayikulu magawo atatu. Popeza nati yayikulu ili pamwamba pa bolt yayikulu, kuti madzi oyeretsera asamayeretsedwe pansi pa nati yayikulu, mabolt ndi mtedza akamaliza kuyeretsa, mabolt amawonjezera njira yotsukira.
(1)Kutsuka mtedza
Kuyeretsa mtedza kumachitika makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito burashi yotsukira mtedza ndi makina onyamulira mtedza. Burashi yotsukira mtedza ndi injini yoyendetsera galimoto zimayikidwa pamwamba pa chivundikiro cha makina otsukira.
Burashi yotsukira mtedza imapangidwa makamaka ndi mutu wa burashi yotsukira, shaft yayikulu ndi silinda yothandizira. Mutu wa burashi yotsukira ndi kapangidwe ka centrifugal. Ngati sikuzungulira, m'mimba mwake wakunja wa burashi yotsukira umakhala wocheperako kuposa m'mimba mwake wamkati wa nati. Mutu wa burashi ukazungulira, mpando wokhazikitsa burashi umatsegulidwa ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal, ndipo burashi ya nayiloni yomwe imayikidwa pampando wokhazikitsa imakhala pafupi ndi nati. Ulusi wamkati wa nati.
Nati isanatsukidwe, njira yonyamulira nati imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza nati ndikuyiyika mu mutu wa burashi yotsukira, kenako mota yoyendetsera burashi yotsukira nati imayatsidwa kuzungulira mutu wa burashi yotsukira. Pamene mutu wa burashi ukuzungulira, nati yayikulu imayenda mmwamba ndi pansi pansi pa njira yonyamulira, kuti iyeretse gawo lonse la ulusi.
(2)Kuyeretsa bolt
Chipangizo choyeretsera mabotolo chimapangidwa makamaka ndi cholumikizira cha burashi yozungulira, makina osinthira burashi yozungulira, chipangizo chachikulu chokhazikitsa botolo ndi chipangizo chachikulu choyendetsera botolo. Cholumikizira cha burashi yozungulira chimalumikizidwa ndi ndodo ya pistoni ya silinda yake yozungulira kudzera mu ndodo yosinthira burashi yozungulira. Pamene ndodo ya pistoni ya silinda yozungulira ya burashi yozungulira ikakankhidwira kunja, cholumikizira cha burashi yozungulira chimazungulira pafupi ndi gawo lolumikizidwa la botolo lalikulu, ndipo chikabwezeretsedwa, cholumikizira cha burashi yozungulira chimakhala kutali ndi botolo lalikulu. Injini yoyendetsera burashi yozungulira imayendetsa burashi yozungulira kuti izungulire kudzera mu pulley ya lamba.
Poyeretsa mabotolo akuluakulu, mota yayikulu yoyendetsera botolo imayendetsa mabotolo akuluakulu omwe ali pa thireyi kuti azungulire, silinda yozungulira imasuntha burashi yozungulira pafupi ndi ulusi wa magawo atatu wa botolo lalikulu, kuyambitsa mota yoyendetsera burashi yozungulira, ndipo burashi yozungulira imazungulira pamwamba pa botolo lalikulu. Mabotolo akuluakulu amatha kutsukidwa.
Pa nthawi yoyeretsa, makina oyeretsera madzi amapereka madzi oyeretsera ku chitoliro chopopera madzi, ndipo ma nozzle angapo amaikidwa pa chitoliro chopopera madzi kuti afafaze madzi oyeretsera mofanana pamwamba pa bolt.
4. Mavuto ndi Mayankho
Mu kafukufuku ndi kapangidwe kake, kuti atsimikizire momwe zidazi zimagwirira ntchito, mayeso ambiri adachitika ndi thupi loyeserera la bolt ndi nut pambuyo poti zidazo zapangidwa, ndipo mavuto ena adapezeka panthawi ya ntchitoyi, ndipo mayankho ofanana adatengedwa.
(1) Kutuluka kwa bokosi loyeretsera
Popeza zidazo ndi zoyimirira, izi zimapangitsa kuti bokosilo lizifunika kutsekedwa bwino. Pa nthawi yoyeretsa, zinapezeka kuti gawo lina la madzi oyeretsera linathira mkati mwa chitseko chopanda mpweya ndi chimango, kenako linatsika, zomwe zinayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi. Chitani izi:
(2) Pa nthawi yonse yoyeretsa ndi kuumitsa mpweya, fani nthawi zonse imakhala mu mkhalidwe wokoka kuti iwonetsetse kuti mpweya womwe uli mu bokosi loyeretsera ndi wochepa kuposa mpweya woipa komanso kuti uli mu mkhalidwe woipa, zomwe zimaletsa kusefukira kwa madzi ndi mpweya woipa m'bokosi, komanso zimatsimikizira chitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito.
(3) Pamwamba pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zili mkati mwa chitseko chotsekedwa cha bokosi loyeretsera pamakhala popopera ndi chophimba chopanda madzi, ndipo galasi la chitseko limachiritsidwanso ndi mankhwala oletsa madzi, kotero kuti madontho amadzi omwe amathiridwa pachitseko chotsekedwa panthawi yoyeretsa asamamatire pa chitseko ndi galasi, motero kukonza madontho otsala amadzi pa chitseko chotsekedwa.
(2) Chochitika chotsetsereka cha bolt
Poyamba, thireyi yaikulu ya bolt imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mbale za rabara zomangira pazigawo zachitsulo. Pamene mphamvu yoyendetsera ili yayikulu kwambiri, rabala ndi pansi pa mabolt zidzatsetsereka ndikuchita ntchito yoteteza.
Poyamba kugwiritsa ntchito, madzi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyeretsera, ndipo mphamvu yoyendetsera botolo lalikulu inali yabwino; pambuyo pake, pambuyo poti choyeretsera chasinthidwa ndi madzi oyeretsera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya, zidapezeka kuti botolo lalikulu silingathe kuyendetsedwa ndikutsetsereka. Pambuyo pofufuza, njira yoyendetsera botolo loyambirira inali yosagwira ntchito chifukwa cha mphamvu yodzola ya madzi oyeretsera.
Mwa kuletsa kapangidwe kake kogwirizanitsa mbale ya rabara pazigawo zachitsulo pa thireyi yayikulu ya bolt, ma plunger anayi ozungulira amayikidwa mwachindunji pa thireyi yayikulu ya bolt. Bolt yayikulu ikayendetsedwa, ma plunger awiri ozungulira amalowa mu groove pansi pa bolt yayikulu, kuti azindikire kuyendetsa kwa bolt yayikulu, ngati torque yoyendetsa ndi yayikulu kwambiri, chitetezo chingathenso kuchitika. Nthawi yomweyo, mota yayikulu yoyendetsa bolt yayikulu imakhala ndi chitetezo cha torque. Pamene torque yoyendetsa bolt yayikulu ipitilira mtengo wokhazikitsidwa, imayima ndikuchenjeza.
(4) Kuuma kwa mpweya sikwabwino
Titakonza zolakwika, tinapeza kuti mabotolo sanaume bwino, ndipo zotsatira zake ziyenera kuwongoleredwa.
Pofufuza njira yowumitsira mpweya ya zidazi, zidapezeka kuti kumayambiriro kwa ntchito, burashi yozungulira botolo imayandikira pafupi ndikuzungulira mwachangu kwambiri botolo likatsukidwa kuti lichotse madontho pamwamba. Pambuyo poti njira yowumitsira mpweya yayamba, burashi yozungulira botolo imachoka pa botolo, ndipo botolo limaumitsidwa ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri wokhawokha.
Pachifukwa ichi, wolembayo amawongolera njira yowumitsa mpweya. Pambuyo poyeretsa, pamene kuyenda kwa mpweya kumayamba, burashi yozungulira imayandikira bolt kenako imazungulira mofulumira kwambiri kuti ichotse madzi pamwamba. Pambuyo pa 1/3 ya kuzungulira kwa mpweya, burashi yozungulira bolt imachoka pa bolt ndikusiya kuzungulira, kenako imapitirira. Mabolt amaumitsidwa ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri.
Kuchita bwino kwatsimikizira kuti pambuyo pa kusinthaku, mphamvu yowumitsa mpweya imakula kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-17-2022
